虽然已知辍学是一种成功的正规化技术，但仍缺乏对导致成功的机制的见解。我们介绍了\ emph {重量膨胀}的概念，这增加了由权重协方差矩阵的列或行载体跨越的并行曲线的签名体积，并表明重量膨胀是增加PAC中概括的有效手段。 - bayesian设置。我们提供了一个理论上的论点，即辍学会导致体重扩大和对辍学和体重扩张之间相关性的广泛经验支持。为了支持我们的假设，即可以将重量扩张视为增强的概括能力的\ emph {指示器}，而不仅仅是副产品，我们还研究了实现重量扩展的其他方法（resp。\ contraction \ contraction ），发现它们通常会导致（分别\ \降低）的概括能力。这表明辍学是一种有吸引力的正规化器，因为它是一种用于获得体重扩展的计算廉价方法。这种洞察力证明了辍学者作为正规化器的作用，同时为确定正规化器铺平了道路，这些正规化器有望通过体重扩张来改善概括。

AudioGrams是一种特定类型的线条图表，代表各种频率的个人听力级别。他们被视听家用于诊断听力损失，进一步选择和调整客户的适当助听器。已经有几个项目，例如AutoAudio，旨在通过机器学习加速这一过程。但所有现有的型号最适合只能检测图像中的AudioGram，并将它们分类为一般类别。它们无法通过解释标记，轴和线来提取来自检测到的听力图的听力级别信息。为了解决这个问题，我们提出了一种多级听力图解释网络（主要），直接从AudioGrams照片中读取听证级别数据。我们还建立了Open AudioAcram，一个公开图图像的开放数据集，其中有注释我们培训和评估我们所提出的模型的标记和轴。实验表明，我们的模型是可行可靠的。

近年来，移动机器人的安全问题引起了人们的关注。在本文中，我们提出了一种智能的物理攻击，通过从外部观察中学习障碍 - 避免机制，将移动机器人置于预设位置。我们作品的显着新颖性在于揭示具有智能和高级设计的基于物理攻击的可能性，可以带来真正的威胁，而没有对系统动态或对内部系统的访问的先验知识。传统网络空间安全中的对策无法处理这种攻击。练习，拟议的攻击的基石是积极探索受害者机器人与环境的复杂相互作用的特征，并学习对其行为的有限观察中表现出的障碍知识。然后，我们提出了最短的路径和手持攻击算法，以从巨大的运动空间中找到有效的攻击路径，从而在路径长度和活动期间分别以低成本实现了驾驶到陷阱目标。证明了算法的收敛性，并进一步得出了攻击性能范围。广泛的模拟和现实生活实验说明了拟议攻击的有效性，招呼未来对机器人系统的物理威胁和防御的研究。

Weakly-supervised object localization aims to indicate the category as well as the scope of an object in an image given only the image-level labels. Most of the existing works are based on Class Activation Mapping (CAM) and endeavor to enlarge the discriminative area inside the activation map to perceive the whole object, yet ignore the co-occurrence confounder of the object and context (e.g., fish and water), which makes the model inspection hard to distinguish object boundaries. Besides, the use of CAM also brings a dilemma problem that the classification and localization always suffer from a performance gap and can not reach their highest accuracy simultaneously. In this paper, we propose a casual knowledge distillation method, dubbed KD-CI-CAM, to address these two under-explored issues in one go. More specifically, we tackle the co-occurrence context confounder problem via causal intervention (CI), which explores the causalities among image features, contexts, and categories to eliminate the biased object-context entanglement in the class activation maps. Based on the de-biased object feature, we additionally propose a multi-teacher causal distillation framework to balance the absorption of classification knowledge and localization knowledge during model training. Extensive experiments on several benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of KD-CI-CAM in learning clear object boundaries from confounding contexts and addressing the dilemma problem between classification and localization performance.

Knowledge graph embedding (KGE), which maps entities and relations in a knowledge graph into continuous vector spaces, has achieved great success in predicting missing links in knowledge graphs. However, knowledge graphs often contain incomplete triples that are difficult to inductively infer by KGEs. To address this challenge, we resort to analogical inference and propose a novel and general self-supervised framework AnKGE to enhance KGE models with analogical inference capability. We propose an analogical object retriever that retrieves appropriate analogical objects from entity-level, relation-level, and triple-level. And in AnKGE, we train an analogy function for each level of analogical inference with the original element embedding from a well-trained KGE model as input, which outputs the analogical object embedding. In order to combine inductive inference capability from the original KGE model and analogical inference capability enhanced by AnKGE, we interpolate the analogy score with the base model score and introduce the adaptive weights in the score function for prediction. Through extensive experiments on FB15k-237 and WN18RR datasets, we show that AnKGE achieves competitive results on link prediction task and well performs analogical inference.

When robots learn reward functions using high capacity models that take raw state directly as input, they need to both learn a representation for what matters in the task -- the task ``features" -- as well as how to combine these features into a single objective. If they try to do both at once from input designed to teach the full reward function, it is easy to end up with a representation that contains spurious correlations in the data, which fails to generalize to new settings. Instead, our ultimate goal is to enable robots to identify and isolate the causal features that people actually care about and use when they represent states and behavior. Our idea is that we can tune into this representation by asking users what behaviors they consider similar: behaviors will be similar if the features that matter are similar, even if low-level behavior is different; conversely, behaviors will be different if even one of the features that matter differs. This, in turn, is what enables the robot to disambiguate between what needs to go into the representation versus what is spurious, as well as what aspects of behavior can be compressed together versus not. The notion of learning representations based on similarity has a nice parallel in contrastive learning, a self-supervised representation learning technique that maps visually similar data points to similar embeddings, where similarity is defined by a designer through data augmentation heuristics. By contrast, in order to learn the representations that people use, so we can learn their preferences and objectives, we use their definition of similarity. In simulation as well as in a user study, we show that learning through such similarity queries leads to representations that, while far from perfect, are indeed more generalizable than self-supervised and task-input alternatives.

Vision-language models (VLMs) that are pre-trained on large-scale image-text pairs have demonstrated impressive transferability on a wide range of visual tasks. Transferring knowledge from such powerful pre-trained VLMs is emerging as a promising direction for building effective video recognition models. However, the current exploration is still limited. In our opinion, the greatest charm of pre-trained vision-language models is to build a bridge between visual and textual domains. In this paper, we present a novel framework called BIKE which utilizes the cross-modal bridge to explore bidirectional knowledge: i) We propose a Video Attribute Association mechanism which leverages the Video-to-Text knowledge to generate textual auxiliary attributes to complement video recognition. ii) We also present a Temporal Concept Spotting mechanism which uses the Text-to-Video expertise to capture temporal saliency in a parameter-free manner to yield enhanced video representation. The extensive studies on popular video datasets (ie, Kinetics-400 & 600, UCF-101, HMDB-51 and ActivityNet) show that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance in most recognition scenarios, eg, general, zero-shot, and few-shot video recognition. To the best of our knowledge, our best model achieves a state-of-the-art accuracy of 88.4% on challenging Kinetics-400 with the released CLIP pre-trained model.

There is a growing interest in developing unlearnable examples (UEs) against visual privacy leaks on the Internet. UEs are training samples added with invisible but unlearnable noise, which have been found can prevent unauthorized training of machine learning models. UEs typically are generated via a bilevel optimization framework with a surrogate model to remove (minimize) errors from the original samples, and then applied to protect the data against unknown target models. However, existing UE generation methods all rely on an ideal assumption called label-consistency, where the hackers and protectors are assumed to hold the same label for a given sample. In this work, we propose and promote a more practical label-agnostic setting, where the hackers may exploit the protected data quite differently from the protectors. E.g., a m-class unlearnable dataset held by the protector may be exploited by the hacker as a n-class dataset. Existing UE generation methods are rendered ineffective in this challenging setting. To tackle this challenge, we present a novel technique called Unlearnable Clusters (UCs) to generate label-agnostic unlearnable examples with cluster-wise perturbations. Furthermore, we propose to leverage VisionandLanguage Pre-trained Models (VLPMs) like CLIP as the surrogate model to improve the transferability of the crafted UCs to diverse domains. We empirically verify the effectiveness of our proposed approach under a variety of settings with different datasets, target models, and even commercial platforms Microsoft Azure and Baidu PaddlePaddle.

We consider the problem of estimating a multivariate function $f_0$ of bounded variation (BV), from noisy observations $y_i = f_0(x_i) + z_i$ made at random design points $x_i \in \mathbb{R}^d$, $i=1,\ldots,n$. We study an estimator that forms the Voronoi diagram of the design points, and then solves an optimization problem that regularizes according to a certain discrete notion of total variation (TV): the sum of weighted absolute differences of parameters $\theta_i,\theta_j$ (which estimate the function values $f_0(x_i),f_0(x_j)$) at all neighboring cells $i,j$ in the Voronoi diagram. This is seen to be equivalent to a variational optimization problem that regularizes according to the usual continuum (measure-theoretic) notion of TV, once we restrict the domain to functions that are piecewise constant over the Voronoi diagram. The regression estimator under consideration hence performs (shrunken) local averaging over adaptively formed unions of Voronoi cells, and we refer to it as the Voronoigram, following the ideas in Koenker (2005), and drawing inspiration from Tukey's regressogram (Tukey, 1961). Our contributions in this paper span both the conceptual and theoretical frontiers: we discuss some of the unique properties of the Voronoigram in comparison to TV-regularized estimators that use other graph-based discretizations; we derive the asymptotic limit of the Voronoi TV functional; and we prove that the Voronoigram is minimax rate optimal (up to log factors) for estimating BV functions that are essentially bounded.

We study the task of learning state representations from potentially high-dimensional observations, with the goal of controlling an unknown partially observable system. We pursue a direct latent model learning approach, where a dynamic model in some latent state space is learned by predicting quantities directly related to planning (e.g., costs) without reconstructing the observations. In particular, we focus on an intuitive cost-driven state representation learning method for solving Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) control, one of the most fundamental partially observable control problems. As our main results, we establish finite-sample guarantees of finding a near-optimal state representation function and a near-optimal controller using the directly learned latent model. To the best of our knowledge, despite various empirical successes, prior to this work it was unclear if such a cost-driven latent model learner enjoys finite-sample guarantees. Our work underscores the value of predicting multi-step costs, an idea that is key to our theory, and notably also an idea that is known to be empirically valuable for learning state representations.